On July 27, 1299, a frontier chieftain named Osman I led his warriors across the Byzantine border and launched a raid into the territory of Nicomedia, a strategic outpost in northwestern Anatolia. According to Edward Gibbon, the English historian best known for The History…
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The Geneva Convention is a series of international treaties and protocols that establish the standards for humanitarian treatment during war. The first of these conventions was adopted in 1864, and the most recent, the Fourth Geneva Convention, was adopted in 1949. These treaties play…
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On July 27, 1921, Dr. Frederick Banting, a Canadian surgeon and Charles Best, a medical student, isolated the hormone insulin for the first time, helping millions across the world fight diabetes. The two men made their breakthrough while performing research at the University of…
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In a landmark moment for civil rights in the United States, President George H. W. Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) into law on July 25, 1990, heralding a new era of legal protection and inclusion for millions of Americans with physical…
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President Harry S. Truman’s Executive Order 9981, issued on July 26, 1948, was a landmark decision in American history, mandating the desegregation of the armed forces. This order marked a significant step towards civil rights and set the stage for future legislation aimed at…
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On July 26, 1953, Fidel Castro launched the attack that marked the start of the Cuban revolution and reshaped the power structure of the Western Hemisphere. The July 26 Movement was named after the attack on the Moncada Barracks on that date in Santiago…
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On July 25, 1976, during its thirty-sixth orbit around the red planet, NASA’s Viking 1 spacecraft snapped a black-and-white photograph that would ignite decades of speculation, myth-making, and scientific debate. The image—catalogued as frame 035A72—showed a portion of the Martian surface in the region…
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The world of music witnessed a seismic shift on July 25, 1965, when Bob Dylan “went electric” at the Newport Folk Festival. This momentous event not only marked a turning point in Dylan’s career but also had profound implications for the music industry as…
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July 25, 305, one of Rome’s most extraordinary emperors received a crown from his army, reshaping history for the centuries that followed. Born in Naissus, a city in the Balkans, Constantine The Great ascended to power during a critical period of the Roman Empire’s…
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On July 24, 1304, Stirling Castle—the last major Scottish stronghold resisting English occupation—surrendered to the forces of King Edward I after a prolonged siege. The fall of the fortress marked a significant moment in the Wars of Scottish Independence, not merely for its military…
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