On July 28, 1868, the United States certified the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, a transformative moment in American history that fundamentally redefined the nation’s approach to civil rights and equality. This amendment, which arose during the Reconstruction era following the Civil War, sought…
Read More
On July 28, 1935, a four-engine plane took a test flight from Boeing Field in south Seattle. When it rolled out of Boeing’s hangar, the company labeled it Model 299, but a newspaperman named Richard Smith dubbed the new bomber due to its many…
Read More
On July 27, 1299, a frontier chieftain named Osman I led his warriors across the Byzantine border and launched a raid into the territory of Nicomedia, a strategic outpost in northwestern Anatolia. According to Edward Gibbon, the English historian best known for The History…
Read More
The Geneva Convention is a series of international treaties and protocols that establish the standards for humanitarian treatment during war. The first of these conventions was adopted in 1864, and the most recent, the Fourth Geneva Convention, was adopted in 1949. These treaties play…
Read More
On July 27, 1921, Dr. Frederick Banting, a Canadian surgeon and Charles Best, a medical student, isolated the hormone insulin for the first time, helping millions across the world fight diabetes. The two men made their breakthrough while performing research at the University of…
Read More
In a landmark moment for civil rights in the United States, President George H. W. Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) into law on July 25, 1990, heralding a new era of legal protection and inclusion for millions of Americans with physical…
Read More
President Harry S. Truman’s Executive Order 9981, issued on July 26, 1948, was a landmark decision in American history, mandating the desegregation of the armed forces. This order marked a significant step towards civil rights and set the stage for future legislation aimed at…
Read More
On July 26, 1953, Fidel Castro launched the attack that marked the start of the Cuban revolution and reshaped the power structure of the Western Hemisphere. The July 26 Movement was named after the attack on the Moncada Barracks on that date in Santiago…
Read More
On July 25, 1976, during its thirty-sixth orbit around the red planet, NASA’s Viking 1 spacecraft snapped a black-and-white photograph that would ignite decades of speculation, myth-making, and scientific debate. The image—catalogued as frame 035A72—showed a portion of the Martian surface in the region…
Read More
The world of music witnessed a seismic shift on July 25, 1965, when Bob Dylan “went electric” at the Newport Folk Festival. This momentous event not only marked a turning point in Dylan’s career but also had profound implications for the music industry as…
Read More
