The Battle of Actium, fought on September 2, 31 BC, was a decisive naval confrontation that marked the culmination of the power struggle between Octavian (later Augustus, the first Roman Emperor) and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt. This…
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On September 2, 1901 one of the most famous foreign policy sayings in American history came out of the mouth of one of the nation’s legendary leaders. Just two weeks before ascending to the presidency, Roosevelt outlined a distinctive foreign policy approach that would…
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In the late summer of 1939, as Europe convulsed into war, two American physicists quietly published a paper that reshaped our understanding of the cosmos. On September 1—the very day German forces stormed into Poland—J. Robert Oppenheimer and his graduate student Hartland Snyder unveiled…
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The Adriatic port city of Ancona, perched on Italy’s eastern coast, stood in 1173 as one of the last bastions of independence against the encroaching power of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Already scarred by repeated wars with imperial forces and their Lombard allies, Ancona’s…
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On September 1, 1715, the sun set on the longest-reigning monarch in history. “The story of Louis XIV’s death is worthy of a Shakespearean tragedy,” writes the Palace of Versailles. His health started to decline on August 10 1715 upon his return from a hunting trip…
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On the evening of August 31, 1939, as summer drew to a close in Europe, a strange broadcast crackled over the airwaves of a small German radio station near the Polish border. The message, supposedly issued by Polish saboteurs, declared that the station had…
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On August 31, 1538, Pope Paul III issued the papal bull Eius qui immobilis, formally excommunicating King Henry VIII of England. This act marked a critical juncture in the escalating conflict between the English monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church, signifying the profound and…
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On August 31, 1997, one of the most beloved figures in the world lost her life, shocking a nation and stunning fans across the globe. Princess Diana, along with her companion Dodi Fayed and their driver Henri Paul, was involved in a high-speed car…
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For nearly two years the men of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition had been reduced to shadows of themselves, marooned at the frozen edge of the world. Their ship, Endurance, had been trapped and crushed by the pack ice of the Weddell Sea in late…
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On August 30, 1967, Thurgood Marshall was confirmed as the first African American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, marking a significant milestone in American history. Marshall’s appointment was not only a historic achievement for the African American community but also…
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