On July 16, 1054, Christendom split in two. On that day, National Geographic explains, “Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius was excommunicated from the Christian church based in Rome, Italy. Cerularius’s excommunication was a breaking point in long-rising tensions between the Roman church based in Rome…
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The “Malaise Speech,” officially known as President Jimmy Carter’s “Crisis of Confidence” address, delivered on July 15, 1979, stands as one of the most notable and controversial orations in American political history. This speech encapsulates a pivotal moment in Carter’s presidency and offers a…
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On July 15, 1799, during Napoleon Bonaparte’s military campaign in Egypt, a French soldier stumbled across a huge black stone with ancient writing near the town of Rosetta, about 35 miles east of Alexandria. Made of black basalt with the writing of an ancient…
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The Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of four laws passed by the Federalist-dominated 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams on July 14, 1798. These laws were ostensibly enacted in response to the perceived threat of French…
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On July 14, 1789, during the early stages of the French Revolution, a state prison on the east side of Paris, the Bastille, was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob. The event marked a turning point in the history of France. The British…
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The New York Draft Riots of 1863 were among the most violent and destructive events in the history of New York City. They occurred from July 13 to July 16, 1863, during a time of immense social, economic, and political turmoil in the United…
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The Northwest Ordinance, adopted on July 13, 1787, established a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined state admission process, ensured equality with the original thirteen states, protected civil liberties, and banned slavery in new territories. The Ordinance would play a major role in the…
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On July 12, 70 CE, a pivotal event in Jewish history unfolded during the First Jewish-Roman War, also known as the Great Revolt. This date marks the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, a catastrophe that had far-reaching consequences for the Jewish people…
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On July 12, 1862, during the heart of the Civil War, Congress authorized the Medal of Honor for the United States Army a few months following its initial creation for outstanding acts of bravery and heroism among sailors in the Navy by President Lincoln.…
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The most famous duel in American history took place on July 11, 1804. This duel was the culmination of a long-standing and bitter rivalry between Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, and Aaron Burr, the then-sitting Vice President of the United States.…
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