On May 15, 1536, Anne Boleyn—Queen of England, second wife of Henry VIII, and mother of the future Elizabeth I—stood trial at the Tower of London. The charges were staggering: adultery, incest, and high treason. The outcome was foreordained. Condemned by a hand-picked jury…
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On May 14, 1610, France lost the king who had ended its religious wars and gained a child monarch who inherited both his throne and his unfinished work. Henry IV, the first Bourbon king of France, was assassinated in Paris by François Ravaillac, a…
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In a bizarre legal footnote to American religious history—and a final echo of the spectral hysteria that once gripped colonial New England—the last case resembling a witchcraft trial in the United States began not in the 17th century, but in 1878. Nearly two centuries…
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On May 13, 1862, Robert Smalls turned the logic of slavery against the Confederacy. Smalls was 23 years old, enslaved in Charleston, South Carolina, and working aboard the Planter, a Confederate transport steamer used to move troops, supplies, ammunition, and artillery through Charleston Harbor.…
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On May 13, 1846, the United States Congress formally declared war on the Federal Republic of Mexico—a decision that, while presented to the public as a response to a Mexican military incursion, in fact reflected the culmination of deeper ideological currents, territorial ambitions, and…
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On May 12, 1593, London playwright Thomas Kyd was arrested in one of the most revealing episodes of Elizabethan literary history, a case that exposed the dangerous overlap between theater, politics, religion, and state surveillance in late Tudor England. Kyd was already an important…
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On May 12, 1743, Maria Theresa of Austria—daughter of the late Emperor Charles VI and the embattled heiress to the Habsburg dominions—was crowned Queen of Bohemia in Prague’s St. Vitus Cathedral, sealing a hard-won victory not only over the armies of her Bavarian rival,…
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On May 11, 330, Constantine the Great marked one of the most consequential acts of urban and imperial reorientation in world history: the dedication of the rebuilt city of Byzantium as New Rome. The city would soon be known as Constantinople, and for more…
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On May 11, 973, a landmark event in English history unfolded at Bath Abbey: the formal coronation of King Edgar, known to posterity as Edgar the Peaceful. Though he had already ruled England since 959, this ceremony was not simply a public confirmation of…
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On May 10, 1775, delegates from across the American colonies gathered in Philadelphia for the opening of the Second Continental Congress, a meeting that began as an emergency response to war and soon became the central political body of the American Revolution. The Congress…
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