In the winter of 1861, as the Union cracked under the pressure of secession and the first year of civil war drew to a close, the Confederate States of America undertook a ritual of nationhood it hoped would signal permanence. On December 4, 1861,…
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On December 3, 1775—six months after Lexington and Concord, and amid the halting, improvisational birth of a Continental Navy—the newly commissioned USS Alfred unfurled a banner no American warship had ever carried. It was not yet the “Stars and Stripes,” nor anything immediately recognizable…
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The first generation of Americans to witness commercial aviation mature from barnstorming spectacle to intercity utility could hardly miss the symbolism of December 2, 1939, when New York City formally opened its new municipal airport on the shoreline of Flushing Bay. In an era…
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On the evening of December 1, 1955, in a humid Southern city still governed by the iron routines of Jim Crow, a single act of refusal cracked the façade of segregation. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks—42 years old, a department-store seamstress, and a quiet stalwart…
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On November 30, 1999, the streets of Seattle became the unexpected epicenter of a global political confrontation. What had been planned as a polished, high-profile opening to the World Trade Organization’s Third Ministerial Conference instead unraveled into a day of lockdowns, tear gas, immobilized…
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On November 28, 1905, in a packed hall at the Rotunda in Dublin, Arthur Griffith formally launched a political movement that—although modest in its beginnings—would reshape the trajectory of Irish nationalism and ultimately alter the constitutional future of the British Isles. Griffith’s new party,…
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On November 27, 1973, the United States Senate delivered an overwhelming bipartisan verdict—a 92–3 vote to confirm House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford as Vice President of the United States—marking the first major invocation of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment’s Section 2 mechanism to fill a…
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The political drama that gripped the United States in the fall of 2000 reached a decisive—though hardly final—milestone on November 26, when Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris certified Governor George W. Bush as the winner of the state’s 25 electoral votes. The certification…
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The postwar anxiety that had been simmering beneath the surface of American political life hardened into a formal purge on November 25, 1947, when the nation’s major movie studios announced they would no longer employ a group of screenwriters and directors who had refused…
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On November 24, 1863, Union forces launched one of the most visually dramatic and symbolically powerful actions of the American Civil War: the assault on Lookout Mountain, a towering, fog-shrouded massif that loomed over the desperately besieged city of Chattanooga, Tennessee. The engagement—popularly remembered…
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