Opening on January 18, 1919, The Paris Peace Conference, following the end of World War I, was a historic gathering that aimed to reshape the world order and establish lasting peace in the aftermath of horrifying destruction. Attended by leaders of the Allied Powers,…
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The Persian Gulf War, also known as the First Gulf War or Operation Desert Storm, was a conflict that took place from August 2, 1990, to February 28, 1991. It was triggered by Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwait, which was met with international…
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Julius Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC, marked a defining moment in Roman history, heralding a seismic shift in the Republic’s power dynamics. The Rubicon, a river that demarcated the boundary between Cisalpine Gaul and Italy proper, was more than…
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On January 5, 1895, Alfred Dreyfus, a French army office, was stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil’s Island, a penal colony off the coast of French Guiana. The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal that divided France from the…
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On January 3, 1521, Pope Leo X issued the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, a move that reshaped Christianity in Europe and excommunicated Martin Luther from the Catholic Church. Born in 1483 in Eisleben, Germany, Luther’s journey toward excommunication began in earnest in 1517 when…
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The Battle of Ap Bac, fought on January 2, 1963, marked the first major combat test of the South Vietnamese Army (ARVN) against the Viet Cong (VC) insurgency during the Vietnam War. The battle occurred in the Mekong Delta region of South Vietnam, near…
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On January 1, 45 BC, Julius Caesar changed the way the West marked their calendars, making January 1 the first day of the new year. Prior to the Julian reform, the Roman calendar was a complex lunar calendar that often fell out of phase…
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On December 31, 1600, Queen Elizabeth granted a Royal Charter that changed the world. The East India Company was established by a group of English merchants who aimed to monopolize English trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west…
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Thomas Becket’s ascent to the pinnacle of English ecclesiastical power and subsequent assassination is a tale that profoundly shaped the historical landscape of church-state relations across Europe, but especially in Great Britain. Initially serving as a trusted confidant and Chancellor to King Henry II,…
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On December 27, 1983, in a profound act of forgiveness and reconciliation, Pope John Paul II visited Mehmet Ali Ağca, the man who had attempted to assassinate him, in Rome’s Rebibbia prison. The meeting was a personal gesture of pardon and a powerful public…
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