On the morning of October 21, 1797, the people of Boston gathered along the harbor to watch a ship—three years in the making—slip into the Atlantic. The 44-gun frigate USS Constitution rested poised on the greased ways of Edmund Hartt’s North End shipyard, its…
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The Battle of Trafalgar, fought on October 21, 1805, marked a decisive moment in the Napoleonic Wars, shaping the future of European power dynamics. Commanded by Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson, the British Royal Navy faced off against a Franco-Spanish fleet led by French Admiral…
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The Aberfan Disaster, a haunting chapter in the annals of British history, unfolded on October 21, 1966, in the small mining village of Aberfan, South Wales. The disaster was caused by a catastrophic collapse of a colliery spoil tip, a large pile of mining…
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When Queen Elizabeth II stood before the glittering waters of Sydney Harbour on October 20, 1973, to declare open the Sydney Opera House, the moment carried a symbolism that extended far beyond architecture. It marked the culmination of one of the most ambitious public…
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On October 20, 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) launched its infamous investigation into Communist infiltration of the Hollywood film industry, marking a pivotal moment in the early stages of the Cold War. This event became one of the most dramatic and controversial…
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On October 20, 1944, General Douglas MacArthur made good on his promise and waded ashore on Leyte Island in the Philippines. Nearly three years prior, the charismatic general had been forced to leave the islands after the Japanese invasion, but he made a promise…
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On October 19, 1943, in a modest laboratory at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, a quiet scientific revolution took place. A research team led by microbiologist Selman Waksman and his graduate student Albert Schatz successfully isolated streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against…
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On October 19, 1987, an event that would come to be known as Black Monday sent shockwaves through the global financial markets with one of the most dramatic stock market crashes in history. On that day, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) plunged by…
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One of history’s most important battles occurred on this date in 202 BC, deciding the fate of two empires and changing the course of Western history. The Battle of Zama was a pivotal engagement between the forces of Rome, led by Scipio Africanus, and…
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When U.S. troops marched through the cobbled streets of San Juan on October 18, 1898, the red and gold flag of Spain was lowered for the last time over the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. In its place rose the Stars and Stripes, signifying…
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