On June 12, 1429, Joan of Arc achieved her first offensive military victory, winning a battle near the small town of Jargeau on the southern bank of the Loire River in central France. By the end of 1428, writes historians, “the English and their…
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They came not with violence but with the law—federal agents, marshals, and the force of a constitutional order long delayed. And yet, standing rigid before the arch of Foster Auditorium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Governor George Wallace conjured a spectacle of resistance that had been…
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In the sweltering heat of June 1776, the Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia and decided to change the course of human events. The delegates, representing the thirteen colonies, faced the monumental task of justifying a rebellion that had already sparked skirmishes and ignited…
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On June 11, 2002, Fox changed the way people watch television by introducing a revolutionary show: American Idol. One of the most iconic and popular singing competition shows in history, the Idol quickly took root as a national phenomenon. The show also us to some of the biggest…
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The morning of June 10, 1692, dawned grim and overcast over the Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts. That day, Bridget Bishop—widow, tavern-keeper, and long-rumored consorter with the devil—was led to Gallows Hill and hanged for the crime of witchcraft. Her execution marked the first…
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In the spring of 1964, the United States Senate found itself in the throes of a historic struggle. For 75 grueling days, a filibuster, the longest in Senate history, had paralyzed the chamber, blocking the passage of the Civil Rights Act. Southern senators, determined…
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On June 10, 1898, U.S. Marines landed at Guantánamo Bay, fighting a war against Spain and challenging their colonial rule in the Caribbean. The Battle of Guantanamo Bay, on the southeastern coast of Cuba, served as a significant start to the Spanish-American War. The battle lasted for…
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The Congress of Vienna, whose Final Act was signed on June 9, 1815, did not merely redraw borders—it sought to rewind the age. In the waning shadow of Napoleon’s first fall and on the eve of his improbable return, Europe’s old monarchies assembled not…
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On June 9, 1949, the literary world witnessed the publication of George Orwell’s 1984, a novel that has since become a cornerstone in the canon of dystopian literature. The novel’s arrival marked a pivotal moment, capturing the anxieties of a post-war era and offering…
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On June, 9, 1973, one of America’s most dominant athletes secured himself a place in the pantheon of the greatest of all time. He didn’t play basketball, baseball, or football. He wasn’t even a human. Secretariat was an American thoroughbred racehorse who became the…
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