On the evening of December 1, 1955, in a humid Southern city still governed by the iron routines of Jim Crow, a single act of refusal cracked the façade of segregation. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks—42 years old, a department-store seamstress, and a quiet stalwart…
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They came not with violence but with the law—federal agents, marshals, and the force of a constitutional order long delayed. And yet, standing rigid before the arch of Foster Auditorium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Governor George Wallace conjured a spectacle of resistance that had been…
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“Letter from Birmingham Jail” is one of Martin Luther King Jr.’s most renowned works, crafted during his imprisonment in April 16, 1963. It’s a powerful testament to the civil rights movement and King’s philosophy of nonviolent resistance. In his letter, King addressed criticisms from…
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