April 9, 1945: Bonhoeffer Meets His Fate

On April 9, 1945, just weeks before Nazi Germany collapsed, Lutheran pastor and theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer was executed at Flossenbürg concentration camp. Bonhoeffer was a courageous and outspoken critic of Adolf Hitler, whose deep Christian faith drove him to resist the regime. Ordered by…

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April 6, 1453: The End Of Constantinople

When Sultan Mehmed II encamped outside the Theodosian Walls on April 6, 1453, beginning what would become the final siege of Constantinople, few could have anticipated that the confrontation would not merely end a millennium of Byzantine rule, but also inaugurate a new political…

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July 16, 1054, Christendom Splits In Two

On July 16, 1054, Christendom split in two. On that day, National Geographic explains, “Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius was excommunicated from the Christian church based in Rome, Italy. Cerularius’s excommunication was a breaking point in long-rising tensions between the Roman church based in Rome…

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May 25, 1521: Luther Receives His Sentence

The Diet of Worms, convened in 1521, stands as a pivotal moment in the history of the Reformation and European religious politics. This imperial council, held in the German city of Worms, was summoned by Emperor Charles V to address the burgeoning theological controversy stirred by Martin Luther. Luther, a German…

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