October 14, 1322: Scotland Wins Its Freedom

By the autumn of 1322, the long and bitter war between England and Scotland reached a decisive turning point. King Edward II, whose disastrous leadership had already been exposed in his defeat at Bannockburn eight years earlier, faced a resurgent Robert the Bruce determined…

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October 11, 1865: Jamaica Enters Into A Rebellion

On October 11, 1865, hundreds of Black men and women gathered in the coastal town of Morant Bay, Jamaica, to protest against the deep injustices that had come to define post-emancipation colonial life. Their march—disciplined, defiant, and desperate—would ignite one of the most consequential…

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October 4, 1853: Europe Goes To War

On a crisp autumn day, October 4, 1853, the Ottoman Empire, weakened but defiant, declared war on the Russian Empire, igniting what would become one of the most significant conflicts of the 19th century—the Crimean War. For decades, the Ottoman Empire had been struggling…

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