On May 22, 1872, President Ulysses S. Grant signed the Amnesty Act into law, taking one of the most consequential steps of the Reconstruction era toward restoring political rights to former Confederates. The law did not settle the central conflicts of Reconstruction. It did…
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On July 28, 1868, the United States certified the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, a transformative moment in American history that fundamentally redefined the nation’s approach to civil rights and equality. This amendment, which arose during the Reconstruction era following the Civil War, sought…
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