In the late summer of 1939, as Europe convulsed into war, two American physicists quietly published a paper that reshaped our understanding of the cosmos. On September 1—the very day German forces stormed into Poland—J. Robert Oppenheimer and his graduate student Hartland Snyder unveiled…
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On August 2, 1939, just weeks before the outbreak of World War II, physicist Albert Einstein and fellow Hungarian émigré Leo Szilard co-signed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt that would become one of the most consequential pieces of correspondence in history. The…
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The Trinity Test, conducted on July 16, 1945, marked a pivotal moment in history as the world’s first detonation of a nuclear weapon. This event was a culmination of intense scientific and military efforts under the Manhattan Project, which aimed to develop an atomic…
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