The Roman Republic, still reeling from the assassination of Julius Caesar the previous year, faced another constitutional crisis in the summer of 43 BC. Caesar’s designated heir—his great-nephew Gaius Octavius, now calling himself Caesar—was only nineteen years old. Yet by August 19 of that…
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August 9, 48 BC, saw a battle that shaped the course of history for a thousand years. Pitting Julius Caesar against Pompey, the Battle of Pharsalus was a pivotal conflict during the Roman Civil War. This decisive battle occurred near the town of Pharsalus…
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On August 1, 30 BC, a defining moment in ancient history unfolded as Octavian, the future Augustus Caesar, conquered the city of Alexandria. This conquest marked the culmination of a power struggle that would reshape the Roman Empire and influence the course of Western…
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July 25, 305, one of Rome’s most extraordinary emperors received a crown from his army, reshaping history for the centuries that followed. Born in Naissus, a city in the Balkans, Constantine The Great ascended to power during a critical period of the Roman Empire’s…
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On July 19, 64, the inhabitants of the Eternal City found themselves caught in an inferno. The fire allegedly started sometime in the middle of the previous night in the bustling commercial district near the Circus Maximus and quickly spread due to strong winds…
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On 8th June 452 AD, the Roman Empire’s biggest bogeyman came to invade Italy: Attila. Referred to as “scourge of God” by his opponents, Attila’s empire stretched thousands of miles from the Ural River to the Rhine River and from the Danube River to…
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The founding of Rome, steeped in myth and legend, is traditionally attributed to Romulus, who, according to legend, established the city on April 21, 753 BC. This event marks the beginning of one of the most significant civilizations in history. As the story goes,…
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On April 14, 43 BC, Roman legions loyal to the Senate clashed with the forces of Mark Antony in a pivotal engagement near the northern Italian village of Forum Gallorum. The battle was not merely a contest of arms—it was a violent reckoning in…
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On February 13, 1633, Galileo Galilei, the renowned Italian astronomer and physicist, entered Rome to face trial before the Inquisition after being charged with heresy due to his unwavering support for the heliocentric model of the universe. His assertion that the Sun, not the…
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On December 22, 401 AD, Pope Innocent I ascended to the papal throne, becoming one of the most influential leaders of early Christianity. What makes his papacy especially remarkable is that he is the only pope in history confirmed to have directly succeeded his…
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