In a quiet but fateful moment on June 5, 1851, the abolitionist newspaper The National Era published the first installment of Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, a serialized novel by a relatively unknown New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe. The…
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On the night of May 24, 1856, one of the most violent episodes of “Bleeding Kansas” occurred at Pottawatomie Creek, dramatically influencing the already tense atmosphere between proslavery and antislavery forces in the United States. Angered by the beating of Charles Sumner, John Brown, a…
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On May 22, 1856, the United States Senate chamber witnessed a shocking and violent episode that reflected the intense sectional tensions of the antebellum era. Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina brutally assaulted Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane, an event that…
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On May 21, 1856, the town of Lawrence, Kansas—a fledgling stronghold of free-state resistance on the contested frontier—was looted and burned by a posse of some 800 proslavery partisans under the authority of a federal marshal. Though often recast in summary as a mere…
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On the night of April 6, 1712, a group of enslaved Africans lit torches and took to the streets of New York City, launching one of the earliest and most violent slave uprisings in the history of the American colonies. The revolt, centered near…
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The Republican Party of the United States was officially founded on March 20, 1854, in Ripon, Wisconsin, as a direct response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act—a divisive law that threatened to extend slavery into new territories. The party’s formation reflected the increasing sectional tensions of…
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On March 14, 1794, Eli Whitney, a young inventor from Massachusetts, impacted the landscape of American agriculture, industry, and the proliferation of slavery in the United States with his patent for the cotton gin. Born in 1765, Whitney had exhibited a knack for engineering…
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The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. The Amistad on March 9, 1841, was a pivotal moment in American legal history, addressing issues of slavery, international law, and human rights. The case involved a group of Africans who had been illegally enslaved,…
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On March 7, 1850, Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts delivered one of the most significant speeches in American history, later known as the “Seventh of March” speech. Speaking at a time of deep national division, Webster endorsed the Compromise of 1850, a contentious set…
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In 1807, Congress passed a law banning the international slave trade to the United States, set to take effect at the start of 1808, as permitted by the Constitution. The debate over this legislation was influenced by economic interests, national security concerns, and fears…
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