The morning of June 24, 1314, dawned on a sodden and bloodied field near the Bannock Burn, where the fate of a nation hung by a thread. By day’s end, that thread would not snap but be reforged into iron. Against impossible odds, a…
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On June 24, 1497, John Cabot, an Italian navigator commissioned by King Henry VII of England, became the first European to lead an expedition to North America since the Norse explorations of Vinland. His historic landing stood as a pivotal moment in the era…
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On June 23, 1280—amid the smoldering tension of Iberia’s long spiritual war—a Castilian host rode into the mountains west of Granada, bearing the cross upon their banners and the weight of Christendom on their shoulders. These were not mere soldiers of a temporal crown.…
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The Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT, was first administered on June 23, 1926, and has since evolved to become a central component of the college admissions process in the United States. The origin of the SAT can goes back to the early 20th century,…
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On the afternoon of June 22, 1807, off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, a violent encounter between the British warship HMS Leopard and the American frigate USS Chesapeake ignited a firestorm of national outrage and set the United States on a slow march toward…
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Operation Barbarossa, the codename for Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, began on June 22, 1941. This operation marked a pivotal moment in the war, characterized by its scale, ambition, and the profound consequences for the rest of the…
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In a dramatic address that shook the walls of the Massachusetts General Court and reverberated across the Atlantic, James Otis Jr. on Tuesday, June 21, 1768, launched a sweeping denunciation of British authority—accusing Parliament of violating the Constitution and likening taxation without representation to…
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The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Yihetuan Movement, was an anti-foreign, anti-colonial uprising in China between 1899 and 1901. This tumultuous period was marked by intense anti-imperialist sentiments among the Chinese population, which culminated in violent clashes and significant international intervention. The rebellion…
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In the uneasy interregnum between Nazi defeat and Soviet ascendance, as Europe’s cities lay in ruins and the ashes of fascist ambition still smoldered, the United States made a decision as consequential as it was morally fraught. On June 20, 1945, the Department of…
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The Great Seal of the United States is a symbol of national identity and sovereignty, representing the federal government’s authority and the country’s principles. Its history dates back to the earliest days of the American republic. The Seal’s development began on July 4, 1776,…
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