On October 19, 1943, in a modest laboratory at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, a quiet scientific revolution took place. A research team led by microbiologist Selman Waksman and his graduate student Albert Schatz successfully isolated streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against…
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On October 19, 1987, an event that would come to be known as Black Monday sent shockwaves through the global financial markets with one of the most dramatic stock market crashes in history. On that day, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) plunged by…
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When U.S. troops marched through the cobbled streets of San Juan on October 18, 1898, the red and gold flag of Spain was lowered for the last time over the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. In its place rose the Stars and Stripes, signifying…
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On October 18, 1540, Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto and his forces clashed with Native American warriors at the fortified town of Mabila in present-day Alabama, in one of the bloodiest encounters of de Soto’s North American expedition. This battle marked a pivotal moment…
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On October 17, 1907, the world awoke to a quieter revolution—one not of engines or empires, but of invisible waves crossing the Atlantic. That day, Guglielmo Marconi’s transatlantic wireless telegraph service officially began operations, linking Clifden, Ireland, with Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. For the…
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Al Capone, one of the most notorious gangsters in American history, was convicted of tax evasion on October 17, 1931, marking the fall of a man who had built a criminal empire in Chicago. While Capone was involved in numerous illegal activities, including bootlegging,…
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Mother Teresa, also known as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, was a remarkable humanitarian and Catholic nun who dedicated her life to serving the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta, India. Born in Albania, she dedicated her life to the destitute, and…
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On October 16, 1962, President John F. Kennedy received the news that would bring the world closer to nuclear war than ever before. Two days earlier, on October 14, an American U-2 reconnaissance plane flying over western Cuba had captured a series of high-resolution…
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On October 16, 1793, Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France, met a tragic end through her execution during the tumultuous period of the French Revolution. Her fate was a reflection of the deep-seated discontent and anger of the French populace towards the monarchy and…
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In the autumn of 1529, the fate of Christian Europe hung precariously over the walls of Vienna. For nearly a month, the Ottoman army—commanded by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, ruler of a vast empire stretching from the gates of Persia to the Balkans—besieged the…
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