May 23, 1998: Ireland Votes For Peace

On May 23, 1998, the people of Northern Ireland did something that years of diplomacy, decades of violence, and generations of bitterness had made seem almost impossible: they voted for peace. In a referendum held across Northern Ireland, roughly three-quarters of voters endorsed the…

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May 22, 1872: Grant Gives Amnesty

On May 22, 1872, President Ulysses S. Grant signed the Amnesty Act into law, taking one of the most consequential steps of the Reconstruction era toward restoring political rights to former Confederates. The law did not settle the central conflicts of Reconstruction. It did…

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May 23, 1430: Joan of Arc Is Betrayed

On May 23, 1430, amid the brutal and grinding wars that had ravaged France for nearly a century, the woman who had once turned the tide of battle at Orléans found herself surrounded, outnumbered, and—most damning of all—abandoned. Joan of Arc, the teenage peasant-turned-warrior…

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May 21: 1881: America Gets Its Lifesaver

The American Red Cross, an iconic humanitarian organization, was established by Clara Barton on May 21, 1881, in Washington, D.C. Its inception marked a significant development in American charity work, dedicating itself to providing emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education in the United States.…

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